"Differentiated Instruction is effective instruction that is
responsive to the learning preferences, interests and
readiness of the individual learner."
responsive to the learning preferences, interests and
readiness of the individual learner."
- Differentiated Instruction Teacher’s Guide, Ontario Ministry of Education, 2007
Differentiation Strategies Differentiation strategies are those additional supports that educators can use during lessons to modify or adjust instruction for students who need a different approach in order to understand.
- Multiple intelligences
- Jigsaw
- Varying organizers
- Varied texts and supplementary materials
- "Tiered" lessons and products (learning tasks designed at different levels of complexity according to students’ readiness levels)
- Learning contracts
- Small-group instruction
- Group investigation
- Varied questioning strategies
- Varied homework
- "Compacting" (streamlining or modifying basic content to provide students with tiered assignments)
Scaffolding:
Scaffolding involves taking the content and putting it in the correct order so that students can build on each element of knowledge presented to them. "Each chunk logically sets up the next chunk."
Scaffolding involves taking the content and putting it in the correct order so that students can build on each element of knowledge presented to them. "Each chunk logically sets up the next chunk."
Examine how you are scaffolding and providing time for students to interact with your content. Chunking involves the size of the bites for new content, and scaffolding involves the content of the bites and their logical order. If you were teaching your students a strategy for how to edit an essay for overall organization, you might organize the steps into three chunks. The first "chunk" would be made up of the steps that deal with determining whether the composition has good transitions from paragraph to paragraph. The second chunk would involve steps that address whether the major sections of the essay (beginning, middle, and end) flow logically into one another. The third chunk would be steps to decide if the essay as a whole sends a message that is unified. In other words, every chunk sets up the next chunk.
Scaffolding is a form of differentiation that helps meet the needs of all learners. The video clip below shows the teacher providing scaffolding exercises on the concept of “loyalty” within Julius Caesar. Students were asked to connect content to their personal experiences, use their mathematical skills, justify and evaluate the content of the text. Students are then expected to interact with the content and one another to gain an understanding of the curriculum. Retention of these concepts improves greatly when students have the chance to use the information they have learned in a meaningful way.
When exploring one level of the scaffold and you're ready to move on, use formative assessment strategies to determine the level of mastery for students. As many students as possible should respond. Students can use Response Cards to agree, disagree, or add to a response.
Perhaps use small white boards to get students actively engaged and allow you to assess your students quickly.
Once you have determined student understanding, then you will know whether to reteach or accelerate before moving to the next chunk.
STEPS TO GET THIS DONE?
1) Pre-Assessment: Know the Learner
http://differentiationcentral.
2) Content:What the Student needs to learn and how the learner will get access to the information
www.RealWorldMath.org (5-12)
3) Process: The standard is not negotiable, but the road is.
4) Product/Assessment: The product is essentially what the student produces at the end of the lesson to demonstrate the mastery of content.
References
Marzano, R. J. (2007). The Art and Science of Teaching: A Comprehensive Framework for Effective Instruction. Alexandria, VA: Association For Supervision & Curriculum Development.
Mattox, K. (2009) Helping students process infrormation. Retrieved March 3, 2013 from http://hhsprincipalsoffice.
Wormeli, R. (2004). Summarization In Any Subject: 50 Techniques To Improve Student Learning. Alexandria, VA: Association For Supervision & Curriculum Development.
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